Comparisons between observations and background fields indicate that amplitude and phase differences in oscillations result in a non-Gaussian distribution in observation minus background vectors (OMB). Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) quality control (QC) and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) quality control are proposed from the perspective of data assimilation and are applied to the surface specific humidity from ground-based stations. The QC results indicate that the standard deviation between observations and background is reduced effectively, and the frequency distribution for the observation increment is closer to a normal distribution. The specific humidity outliers occur primarily in mountainous and coastal regions. Comparing the two QC methods, it is found that the EOF QC performs better than the FFT QC as it can keep large scale of fluctuation information from the original field, preventing these waves from entering into the residual field and being removed by the QC process.