Wenzhou is a region on the coast of China where storm surges are frequent and serious. Starting with society, economy, land utilization, and anti-disaster capability, the vulnerability of each county in the coastal region of Wenzhou was evaluated. The counties were then divided into mild, moderate, heavy, and extremely heavy fragile areas by choosing 15 factors to establish an evaluation index system, using principal component analysis to set the weight of each factor. The results show that all of the counties fit into the categories of heavy and extremely heavy fragile areas except for Pingyang county, which is mild. There is no significant difference in storm surge vulnerability among all counties in the Wenzhou coastal region, which is highly associated with the general balance of socioeconomic development in the Zhejiang coastal region and the orientation of government policies. This research provides a method for evaluating vulnerability to storm surge. Evaluation results can provide the basis for responses to storm surge, contributing to disaster prevention and mitigation planning, and regional sustainable development planning.