The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Lamproptera curia was determined in the present study. Our findings showed that the mtDNA of L. curia had a typical organization of insect mitochrondrial DNA − being 15277 base pairs in length, it contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and a control region(CR). The newly determined sequence was used for phylogenetic analyses, together with those of 45 species of Lepidoptera published elsewhere, including sequences of three species of Diptera as outgroups. The phylogenetic trees were constructed using the concatenated amino acid and nucleotide sequences of the 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) based on the maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods. Both BI and ML trees revealed a similar topology structure: (((((Bombycoidea+ Geometroidea) + Noctuoide) + Pyraloidea) + (Papilionoidea+ Hesperioidea)) + Tortricoidea). Furthermore, the phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that each of the 16 families belonged to a monophyletic group respectively. The results of molecular phylogeny from the present study were congruent with traditional classification based on morphology but failed to demonstrate the monophyly of Hesperiidae.