Magnesium–aluminum layered double hydroxide (Mg/Al–LDH) nanoparticles have strong potential application as drug delivery systems because of their low toxicity and suitable biocompatibility. However, few studies have described the morphological effects of these hydroxides on nerve cells. The present study compares the oxidative stress induced by different concentrations (i.e., 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 μg/mL) of sand flower and flake nano-Mg/Al–LDHs in mouse neuroblastoma cells (N2a) when these cells were exposed for 24 and 48 h. Cell viability was detected by MTT assay, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were monitored to evaluate oxidative damage. Results suggested that sand flower nano-LDHs, at the appropriate concentrations (less than 200 μg/mL), especially those of about 100–200 nm in size, induce no harmful effects on N2a cells.