Statelessness is an old and continuous problem existing in many countries around the world. Statelessness is caused by various reasons such as the conflicts of the nationality laws of different countries and international marriages. This article analyzes the legal framework and practices concerning nationality issues in China from the perspectives of China’s international obligations to protect the rights of stateless persons, especially women and children. This article also analyzes several stateless cases, in particular the de facto stateless situation of the “Vietnam brides” and their children in China. At last, the article gives recommendations in the light of international law and practices of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees on the reduction of statelessness in China.